The museum was founded in 1838, in a neo-romanesque style building. Renovated and re-opened to the public in 1952, it's located within the public gardens of Corso Venezia. Beginning in 1980, a comprehensive modernization programme was initiated.
There are eight sections: Mineralogy and Petrography, Geology, Paleontology, Vertibrate Paleontology, Vertibrate Zoology, Invertibrate Zoology, Entomology, and Botany. The Geology section boasts the largest number of panoramas existing in Europe; in numerous glass displays, natural environments have been re-created with reproductions of the fauna and flora.
Of special interest is the fossil collection of the Besano Glacier dated back 200,000,000 years with large-sized reptiles such as Ascheptosauri and Tanistrofei. There are also seven dinosaur skeletons assembled on display and the reconstruction of a Triceratopo Kritosaurus Notabilis. A naturalist library, a bookshop with museum publications, and guided tours are available. Admission is free.